Pvt Ltd Company Registration

An incorporated entity under the Companies Act, 2013 with its own legal identity, separate from the people who own or manage it. It can own assets, enter contracts, sue and be sued in its own name.

What is a Private Limited (Pvt Ltd)?
A popular company type for startups and SMEs, typically with:

• Limited liability for shareholders (risk limited to unpaid share capital).
• Minimum 2 directors and 2 shareholders (one person can be both; at least one resident director).
• Share transfer restricted (hence “private”).
• No public invitation to subscribe to shares or debentures.
• Perpetual succession (continues despite ownership/management changes).

When is a Pvt Ltd the right fit?

• You want to raise funds (angels/VCs prefer share capital).
• You need credibility with enterprise clients, banks, and tenders.
• You plan to scale with multiple co-founders, ESOPs, or future investors.
• You prefer clear ownership via shares and structured governance.

How to Incorporate a Pvt Ltd

A) Prepare

1. Pick a name (unique & compliant with naming rules).
2. Define objects (what your company will do).
3. Decide capital & shareholding (authorized vs. subscribed capital).
4. Choose directors (collect ID/address proofs; ensure one resident director).
5. Registered office (own/leased/virtual with valid proof & consent).
6. Get e-Sign ready (Digital Signature Certificates for signatories).

B) File on MCA V3 using SPICe+

SPICe+ is a single window for name reservation and incorporation.

• Part A: Name reservation.
• Part B: Incorporation details + linked forms:
  • e-MoA (INC-33) – electronic Memorandum of Association.
  • e-AoA (INC-34) – electronic Articles of Association.
  • AGILE-PRO-S (INC-35) – apply alongside for GSTIN, EPFO, ESIC, Profession Tax (select states), and bank account.
  • INC-9 – auto-generated declaration by subscribers/first directors.

Typical attachments

• PAN/Aadhaar (or passport for foreign nationals), address proofs, photos.
• Registered office proof (recent utility bill + NOC/lease).
• Consent of directors, specimen signatures where required.
• Any sectoral approvals (only if applicable).

What you receive after approval

• Certificate of Incorporation (with CIN).
• PAN & TAN (auto-allotted and issued with the COI pack).
• Bank account onboarding (via AGILE-PRO-S partner bank, if opted).

C) Immediate Post-Incorporation Tasks

• Open current account and deposit subscription money.
• INC-20A (Commencement of Business) — file after subscription money is credited (within the statutory window).
• Appoint first auditor and file ADT-1 within the prescribed timeframe.
• Issue share certificates to subscribers and record entries in statutory registers (members, directors/KMP, charges, etc.).
• First Board Meeting — adopt common resolutions (bank mandate, share certificate issuance, register maintenance, fiscal year, etc.).
• Event-based & annual filings thereafter (AOC-4 for financials; MGT-7/MGT-7A for annual return; plus DIR-12, PAS-3, SH-7, INC-22, CHG-1/4 as and when events occur).

Benefits of Incorporating as a Pvt Ltd

• Separate Legal Entity
  Own property, sign contracts, and operate in the company’s name—clear legal ring-fencing from the promoters.
• Limited Liability
  Personal assets are generally protected; exposure is limited to unpaid share capital.
• Investor & Bank Friendly
  Easier equity investment, convertible instruments, ESOPs, and better creditworthiness with lenders and enterprise clients.
• Perpetual Succession & Easy Ownership Changes
  Business continuity regardless of promoter exits; transfer shares rather than re-creating the business.
• Brand Protection & Formal Governance
  Exclusive use of your approved name and structured decision-making via boards, minutes, and registers—professional image from day one.